The Yoga Vasishtha Maharamayana of Valmiki ( Volume -1) -16





















The
Yoga Vasishtha
Maharamayana
of Valmiki

The only complete English translation is
by Vihari Lala  Mitra (1891).




CHAPTER XLI.
DISCRIMINATION OF ERROR.

1.Vasishtha said:—Upon the entrance of the ladies in the tent, it
appeared as a bed of lotuses; and its white vault, seemed as graceful as
the vault of heaven with two moons rising at once under it.
2. A pure and cooling fragrance spread about it, as if wafted by the
breeze from the Mandara flowers; and lulled the prince to sleep, with
every body lying in their camps.
3. It made the place as pleasant as the garden of Eden (Nandana), and
healed all the pains and cares of the people there. It seemed as a
vernal garden, filled with the fragrance of the fresh blown lotuses in
the morning.
4. The cooling and moon-bright radiance of the ladies, roused the prince
from his sleep, as if he was sprinkled over with the juice of ambrosia.
5. He beheld upon his rising the forms of two fairies (apsarās), seated
on two stools, and appearing as two moons risen on two pinnacles of the
mount Meru.
6. The prince beheld them with wonder, and after being composed in his
mind, he rose up from his bed, as the god Vishnu rises from his bed of
the serpent.
7. Then advancing respectfully to them, with long strings of flowers in
his hands, he made offerings of them to the ladies, with handfuls of
flowers flung at their feet.
8. Leaving his pillowed sofa in the midst of the hall, he sat with his
folded legs on the ground; and lowly bending his head, he addressed them
saying:—
9. Be victorious, O moon-bright goddesses! that drive away all the
miseries and evils and pains and pangs of life, by your radiance, and
dispellest all my inward and outward darkness by your sunlike beams.
10. Saying so he poured handfuls of flowers on their feet, as the trees
on the bank of a lake, drop down their flowers on the lotuses growing in
it.
11. Then the goddess desiring to unfold the pedigree of the prince,
inspired his minister, who was lying by, to relate it to Līlā.
12. He upon waking, saw the nymphs manifest before him, and advancing
lowly before them, threw handfuls of flowers upon their feet.
13. The goddess said:—Let us know, O prince! who you are and when and
of whom you are born herein. Hearing these words of the goddess, the
minister spake saying:—
14. It is by your favour, O gracious goddesses! that I am empowered to
give a relation of my prince's genealogy to your benign graces.
15. There was a sovereign, born of the imperial line of Ixaku, by name
of Mukunda-ratha, who had subjugated the earth under his arms.
16. He had a moon-faced son by name of Bhadraratha; whose son Viswaratha
was father to the renowned prince Brihadratha.
17. His son Sindhuratha was the father of Sailaratha, and his son
Kāmaratha was father of Mahāratha.
18. His son Vishnuratha was father of Nabhoratha, who gave birth to this
my lord of handsome appearance.
19. He is renowned as Vidūratha, and is born with the great virtues of
his sire, as the moon was produced of the milky ocean, to shed his
ambrosial beams over his people.
20. He was begotten by his mother Sumitrā, as the god Guha of Gauri; and
was installed in the realm at the tenth year of his age, owing to his
father's betaking himself to asceticism.
21. He has been ruling the realm since that time with justice; and your
appearance here to night, betokens the blossoming of his good fortune.
22. O goddesses! whose presence is hard to be had, even by the merit of
long devotion, and a hundred austerities, you see here the lord of the
earth-famed Vidūratha, present before you.
23. He is highly blessed to-day by your favour. After saying these
words, the minister remained silent with the lord of the earth.
24. They were sitting on the ground with their folded legs (padmāsana),
and clasped hands (kritānjali), and downcast looks; when the goddess of
wisdom told the prince, to remember his former births, by her
inspiration.
25. So saying, she touched his head with her hand, and immediately the
dark veil of illusion and oblivion was dispersed from over the lotus of
his mind.
26. It opened as a blossom by the touch of the genius of intelligence,
and became as bright as the clear firmament, with the rays of his former
reminiscence.
27. He remembered by his intelligence his former kingdom, of which he
had been the sole lord, and recollected all his past sports with Līlā.
28. He was led away by the thoughts of the events of his past lives, as
one is carried away by the current of waves, and reflected in himself,
this world to be a magic sea of illusion.
29. He said: I have come to know this by the favour of the goddesses,
but how is it that so many events have occurred to me in course of one
day after my death.
30. Here I have passed full seventy years of my lifetime, and recollect
to have done many works, and remember also to have seen my grand-sire.
31. I recollect the bygone days of my boyhood and youth, and I remember
well all the friends and relatives and all the apparels and suite, that
I had before.
32. The goddess replied:—Know O king! that after the fit of
insensibility attending on your death was over, your soul continued to
remain in the vacuum of the same place, of which you are still a
resident.
33. This royal pavilion, where you think yourself to abide, is situated
in the vacuous space, within the house of the Brāhman in that hilly
district.
34. It is inside that house that you see the appearances of your other
abodes present before you: and it was in that Brāhmana's house, that you
devoted your life to my worship.
35. It is the shrine within the very house and on the same spot, that
contains the whole world which you are seeing all about you.
36. This abode of yours is situated in the same place, and within the
clear firmament of your mind.
37. It is a false notion of your mind, which you have gained by your
habitual mode of thinking, that you are born in your present state, of
the race of Ixāku.
38. It is mere imagination, which has made you to suppose yourself to be
named so and so, and that such and such persons were your progenitors,
and that you had been a boy of ten years.
39. That your father became an ascetic in the woods, and left you in the
government of the realm. And that you have subjugated many countries
under your dominion, and are now reigning as the lord paramount over
them.
40. And that you are ruling on earth with these ministers and officers
of yours, and are observant of the sacrificial rites, and a just ruler
of your subjects.
41. You think that you have passed seventy years of your life, and that
you are now beset by very formidable enemies.
42. And that having waged a furious battle, you have returned to this
abode of yours, where you are now seated and intend to adore the
goddesses, that have become your guests herein.
43. You are thinking that these goddesses will bless you with your
desired object, because one of them has given you the power of
recollecting the events of your former births.
44. That these goddesses have opened your understanding like the blossom
of a lotus, and that you have the prospect of getting your riddance from
all doubts.
45. That you are now at peace and rest, and enjoy the solace of your
solity; and that your long continued error (of this world), is now
removed for ever.
46. You remember the many acts and enjoyments of your past life, in the
body of prince Padma, before you were snatched away by the hand of
death.
47. You now perceive in your mind, that your present life is but a
shadow of the former, as it is the same wave, that carries one onward,
by its rise and fall.
48. The incessant current of the mind flows as the stream of a river,
and leads a man, like a weed, from one whirlpool into another.
49. The course of life now runs singly as in dreaming, and now
conjointly with the body as in the waking state, both of which leave
their traces in the mind, at the hour of death.
50. The sun of the intellect being hid under the mist of ignorance,
there arises this network of the erroneous world, which makes a moment
appear as a period of hundred years.
51. Our lives and deaths are mere phantoms of imagination, as we imagine
houses and towers in aerial castles and icebergs.
52. The world is an illusion, like the delusion of moving banks and
trees to a passenger in a vessel on water, or a rapid vehicle on land;
or as the trembling of a mountain or quaking of the earth, to one
affected by a convulsive disease.
53. As one sees extraordinary things in his dream, such as the
decapitation of his own head; so he views the illusions of the world,
which can hardly be true.
54. In reality you were neither born nor dead at any time or place; but
ever remain as pure intelligence in your own tranquility of soul.
55. You seem to see all things about you, but you see nothing real in
them; it is your all seeing soul, that sees every thing in itself.
56. The soul shines as a brilliant gem by its own light, and nothing
that appears beside it, as this earth or yourself or any thing else, is
a reality.
57. These hills and cities, these people and things, and ourselves also,
are all unreal and mere phantoms, appearing in the hollow vault of the
Brāhmana of the hilly district.
58. The kingdom of Līlā's husband, was but a picture of this earth, and
his palace with all its grandeur, is contained in the sphere of the same
hollow shrine.
59. The known world is contained in the vacuous sphere of that shrine,
and it is in one corner of this mundane habitation, that all of us here,
are situated.
60. The sphere of this vaulted shrine, is as clear as vacuity itself,
which has no earth nor habitation in it.
61. It is without any forest, hill, sea or river, and yet all beings are
found to rove about in this empty and homeless abode. (i. e. in the
Divine Mind).
62. Here there are no kings, nor their retinue, nor any thing that they
have on earth. Vidūratha asked:—If it is so, then tell me goddess! how
I happened to have these dependants here?
63. A man is rich in his own mind and spirit, and is it not so ordained
by the Divine mind and spirit also? If not, then the world must appear
as a mere dream, and all these men and things are but creatures of our
dreams.
64. Tell me goddess, what things are spiritually true and false, and how
are we to distinguish the one from the other.
65. Sarasvatī answered:—Know prince that, those who have known the only
knowable one, and are assimilated to the nature of pure understanding,
view nothing as real in the world, except the vacuous intellect within
themselves.
66. The misconception of the serpent in a rope being removed, the
fallacy of the rope is removed also; so the unreality of the world being
known, the error of its existence, also ceases to exist.
67. Knowing the falsity of water in the mirage, no one thirsts after it
any more, so knowing the falsehood of dreams, no one thinks himself dead
as he had dreamt. The fear of dreaming death may overtake the dying, but
it can never assail the living in his dream.
68. He whose soul is enlightened with the clear light of the autumnal
moon of his pure intellect, is never misled to believe his own existence
or that of others, by the false application of the terms I, thou,
this &c.
69. As the sage was sermonizing in this manner, the day departed to its
evening service with the setting sun. The assembly broke with mutual
greetings to perform their ablutions, and it met again with the rising
sun, after dispersion of the gloom of night.
CHAPTER XLII.
PHILOSOPHY OF DREAMING. SWAPNAM OR SOMNUM.
The man who is devoid of understanding, ignorant and unacquainted with
the All-pervading principle, thinks the unreal world as real, and as
compact as adamant.
2. As a child is not freed from his fear of ghosts until his death; so
the ignorant man never gets rid of his fallacy of the reality of the
unreal world, as long as he lives.
3. As the solar heat causes the error of water in the mirage to the deer
and unwary people, so the unreal world appears as real to the ignorant
part of mankind.
4. As the false dream of one's death, appears to be true in the dreaming
state, so the false world seems to be a field of action and gain to the
deluded man.
5. As one not knowing what is gold, views a golden bracelet as a mere
bracelet, and not as gold; (i. e. who takes the form and not the
substance for reality); so are the ignorant ever misled by formal
appearances, without a knowledge of the causal element.
6. As the ignorant view a city, a house, a hill and an elephant, as they
are presented before him; so the visibles are all taken only as they are
seen, and not what they really are.
7. As strings of pearls are seen in the sunny sky, and various paints
and taints in the plumage of the peacock; so the phenomenal world,
presents its false appearances for sober realities.
8. Know life as a long sleep, and the world with myself and thyself, are
the visions of its dream; we see many other persons in this sleepy
dream, none of whom is real, as you will now learn from me.
9. There is but one All-pervading, quiet, and spiritually substantial
reality. It is of the form of unintelligible intellect, and an immense
outspreading vacuity.
10. It is omnipotent, and all in all by itself, and is of the form as it
manifests itself everywhere.
11. Hence the citizens that you see in this visionary city, are but
transient forms of men, presented in your dream by that Omnipotent
Being.
12. The mind of the viewer, remains in its self-same state amidst the
sphere of his dreams, and represents the images thought of by itself in
that visionary sphere of mankind. (So the Divine Mind presents its
various images to the sight of men in this visionary sphere of the
world, which has nothing substantial in it).
13. The knowing mind has the same knowledge of things, both in its
waking as well as dreaming states; and it is by an act of the percipient
mind, that this knowledge is imprinted as true in the conscious souls of
men.
14. Rāma said:—If the persons seen in the dream are unreal, then tell
me sir, what is that fault in the embodied soul, which makes them appear
as realities.
15. Vasishtha replied:—The cities and houses, which are seen in dreams
are in reality nothing. It is only the illusion (māyā) of the embodied
soul, which makes them appear as true like those seen in the waking
state, in this visionary world.
16. I will tell you in proof of this, that in the beginning of creation
the self-born Brahmā himself, had the notions of all created things, in
the form of visionary appearances, as in a dream and their subsequent
development, by the will of the creator; hence their creator is as
unreal as their notions and appearances in the dream.
17. Learn then this truth of me, that this world is a dream, and that
you and all other men have your sleeping dreams, contained in your
waking dreams of this visionary world. (i. e. the one is a night dream
and the other a day dream, and equally untrue in their substance).
18. If the scenes that are seen in your sleeping dream, have no reality
in them, how then can you expect those in your day dreams to be real at
all?
19. As you take me for a reality, so do I also take you and all other
things for realities likewise, and such is the case with every body in
this world of dreams.
20. As I appear an entity to you in this world of lengthened dreams; so
you too appear an actual entity to me; and so it is with all in their
protracted dreaming.
21. Rāma asked:—If both these states of dreaming are alike, then tell
me, why the dreamer in sleep, does not upon his waking, think the
visions in his dream, to be as real as those of his day dreaming state?
22. Vasishtha replied:—Yes, the day dreaming is of the same nature as
night dreams, in which the dreamt objects appear to be real; but it is
upon the waking from the one, as upon the death of the day dreamer, that
both these visions are found to vanish in empty air.
23. As the objects of your night dreams do not subsist in time or place
upon your waking, so also those of your day dream, can have no
subsistence upon death.
24. Thus is every thing unreal, which appears real for the present, and
it disappears into an airy nothing at last, though it might appear as
charming as a fairy form in the dream.
25. There is one Intelligence that fills all space, and appears as every
thing both within and without every body; It is only by our illusive
conception of it, that we take it in different lights.
26. As one picks up a jewel he happens to meet with in a treasure house,
so do we lay hold on any thing, with which the vast Intellect is filled
according to our own liking. (Here we find the free agency of human
will).
27. The goddess of intelligence, having thus caused the germ of true
knowledge, to sprout forth in the mind of the prince, by sprinkling the
ambrosial drops of her wisdom over it, thus spake to him in the end:—
28. I have told you all this for the sake of Līlā, and now, good prince,
we shall take leave of you, and these illusory scenes of the world.
29. Vasishtha said:—The intelligent prince, being thus gently addressed
by the goddess of wisdom, besought her in a submissive tone.
30. Vidūratha said:—Your visit, O most bounteous goddess, cannot go for
nothing, when we poor mortals cannot withhold our bounty from our
suppliant visitants.
31. I will quit this body to repair to another world, as one passes from
one chain of dreams into another.
32. Look upon me, thy suppliant, with kindness, and deign to confer the
favour I ask of thee; because the great never disdain to grant the
prayers of their suppliants.
33. Ordain that this virgin daughter of my minister, may accompany me to
the region, where I shall be led, that we may have spiritual joy in each
other's company hereafter.
34. Sarasvatī said:—Go now prince to the former palace of your past
life, and there reign without fear, in the enjoyment of true pleasure.
Know prince, that our visits never fail to fulfil the best wishes of our
supplicants.
CHAPTER XLIII.
BURNING OF THE CITY.
The goddess added:—Know further, O prince! that you are destined to
fall in this great battle, and will have your former realm, presented to
you in the same manner as before.
2. Your minister and his maiden daughter will accompany you to your
former city, and you shall enter your lifeless corpse, lying in state in
the palace.
3. We shall fly there as winds before you, and you will follow us
accompanied by the minister and his virgin daughter as one returning to
his native country.
4. Your courses thereto will be as slow or swift as those of horses,
elephants, asses, or camels, but our course is quite different from any
of these.
5. As the prince and the goddess were going on with this sweet
conversation, there arrived a man on horse back before them in great
hurry and confusion.
6. He said:—Lord! I come to tell that, there are showers of darts and
disks, and swords and clubs, falling upon us as rain, from the hostile
forces, and they have been forcing upon us as a flood on all sides.
7. They have been raining their heavy weapons upon us at pleasure, like
fragments of rocks hurled down from the heads of high hills, by the
impetuous gusts of a hurricane.
8. There they have set fire to our rock-like city, which like a wild
fire, is raging on all sides. It is burning and ravaging with chat
chat sounds, and hurling the houses with a hideous noise.
9. The smoke rising as heaving hills, have overspread the skies like
diluvian clouds; and the flame of fire, ascending on high, resembles the
phoenix flying in the sky.
10. Vasishtha said:—As the royal marshal was delivering with
trepidation this unpleasant intelligence, there arose a loud cry
without, filling the sky with its uproar (hallahalloo-kolā halam).
11. The twanging (tankāra) of bow strings drawn to the ears, the
rustling (sarsara) of flying arrows flung with full force; the loud
roaring (bringhana) of furious elephants, and the shrieks (chitkāra) of
frightened ones.
12. The gorgeous elephants bursting in the city with a clattering
(chatchata) sound; and the high halloos (halahala) of citizens, whose
houses have been burnt down on the ground:—(Here dagdhadāra Arabic
daghdaghad-dār, means both a burnt house and also a burnt wife).
13. The falling and flying of burnt embers with a crackling noise
(tankāra); and the burning of raging fire with a hoarse sound
(dhaghdhaga Arabic daghdagha, Bengali dhakdhak):—
14. All these were heard and seen by the goddesses and the prince and
his minister, from an opening of the tent; and the city was found to be
in a blaze in the darkness of the night.
15. It was as the conflagration or fiery ocean of the last day, and the
city was covered by clouds of the hostile army, with their flashing
weapons, waving on all sides.
16. The flame rose as high as the sky, melted down big edifices like
hills by the all dissolving fire of destruction.
17. Bodies of thick clouds roared on high, and threatened the people,
like the clamour (kala-kala) of the gangs of stout robbers, that were
gathered on the ground for plunder and booty.
18. The heavens were hidden under clouds of smoke, rolling as the shades
of Pushkara and チvarta, and the flames of fire, were flashing, like the
golden peaks of Meru.
19. Burning cinders and sparks of fire, were glittering like meteors and
stars in the sky; and the blazing houses and towers glared as burning
mountains in the midst.
20. The relics of the forces were beset by the spreading flames of
clouds of fire, and the half burnt citizens (with their bitter cries),
were kept from flight, for fear of the threatening enemy abroad.
21. Sleets of arrowy sparks flying in the air on all sides, and showers
of weapons falling in every way, burnt and pierced the citizens in large
numbers.
22. The greatest and most expert champions, were crashed under the feet
of elephants in fighting; and the roads were heaped with treasures,
wrested from the robbers in their retreat.
23. There were wailings of men and women at the falling of fire-brands
upon them; and the splitting of splinters and the slitting of timbers
emitted a phat-phat noise all around.
24. Big blocks of burning wood were blown up, blazing as burning suns in
the air; and heaps of embers filled the face of the earth with living
fire.
25. The cracking of combustible woods and the bursting of burning
bamboos, the cries of the parched brutes and the howling of the
soldiers, re-echoed in the air.
26. The flaming fire was quenched after consuming the royalty to ashes,
and the devouring flame ceased after it had reduced everything to
cinders.
27. The sudden outbreak of the fire was as the outburst of house
breaking robbers upon the sleeping inhabitants; and it made its prey of
everything (whether living or lifeless), that fell in its way.
28. At this moment the prince Vidūratha heard a voice, proceeding from
his soldiers, at the sight of their wives flying from the scorching
flames.
29. Oh! the high winds, that have blown the flames to the tops of our
household trees, with their rustling sound (kharakhara) and hindered our
taking shelter under their cooling umbrage.
30. Woe for the burning of our wives, who were as cold as frost to our
bodies before (by their assuaging the smart of every pain); and whose
ashes now rest in our breasts, like the lime of shells, i. e. in the
sublimated state of spiritual bodies (sūkshma-dehas).
31. Oh! the mighty power of fire, that has set to flame the forelocks of
our fair damsels, and is burning the braids of their hair, like blades
of grass or straws.
32. The curling smoke is ascending on high, like a whirling and long
meandering river in the air, and the black and white fumes of fire,
resemble the dark stream of Yamunā in one place, and the milky path of
the etherial Gangā in another.
33. Streams of smoke bearing the brands of fire on high, dazzled the
sight of the charioteers of heaven by their bubbling sparks.
34. There are our fathers, mothers, brothers, sisters, relations and
suckling babes, all burnt alive in the livid flames; and here are we
burning in grief for them in these houses, which have been spared by the
devouring fire.
35. Lo! there the howling fire is fast stretching to these abodes, and
here the cinders are falling as thick as the frost of Meru.
36. Behold the direful darts and missiles dropping down as the driving
rain, and penetrating the windows, like bodies of gnats in the shade of
evening.
37. The flashing spears and flaming fire, flaring above the watery ocean
of the sky, resemble the submarine fire ascending to heaven.
38. The smoke is rising in clouds, and the flames are tapering in the
form of towers, and all that was humid and verdant, is sucked and dried
up, as the hearts of the dispassionate.
39. The trees are broken down by the raging element, like posts of
enraged elephants; and they are falling with a cracking noise
(kata-kata), as if they were screaking at their fall.
40. The trees in the orchards, now flourishing in their luxuriance of
fruits and flowers, are left bare by the burning fire, like householders
bereft of their properties.
41. Boys abandoned by their parents in the darkness of the night, were
either pierced by flying arrows or crushed under the falling houses, in
their flight through the streets.
42. The elephants posted at the front of the army, got frightened at
the flying embers driven by the winds, and fled with loud screaming at
the fall of the burning houses upon them.
43. Oh! the pain of being put to the sword, is not more grievous, than
that of being burnt by the fire, or smashed under the stones of the
thundering engine.
44. The streets are filled with domestic animals and cattle of all
kinds, that are let loose from their folds and stalls, to raise their
commingled cries like the confused noise of battle in the blocked up
paths.
45. The weeping women were passing as lotus flowers on land, with their
lotus like faces and feet and palms, and drops of tears fell like
fluttering bees from their lotiform eyes and wet apparel upon the
ground.
46. The red taints and spots of alakāvali, blazed as asoka flowers
upon their foreheads and cheeks.
47. Alack for pity! that the furious flame of fire, should singe the
black bee-like eyelids of our deer-eyed fairies; like the ruthless
victor, that delights in his acts of inhumanity.
48. O the bond of connubial love! that the faithful wife never fails to
follow her burning lord, and cremates herself in the same flame with him
(this shows the practice of concremation to be older than the days of
Vālmīki and Viswāmitra).
49. The elephant being burnt in his trunk, in breaking the burning post
to which he was tied by the leg, ran with violence to a lake of lotuses,
in which he fell dead. (Here is a play upon the homonymous word
"pushkara," in its triple sense of a lake, a lotus and the proboscis of
an elephant).
50. The flames of fire flashing like flitting lightnings amidst the
clouds of smoke in the air, were darting the darts of burning coals like
bolts of thunder in showers.
51. Lord! the sparks of fire sparkling amidst the dusky clouds, appear
as glittering gems in the bosom of the airy ocean, and seem by their
twirling to gird the crown of heaven with the girdle of Pleiades.
52. The sky was reddened by the light of the flaming fires, and
appeared as the courtyard of Death dyed with purple hues in joy for
reception of the souls of the dead.
53. Alas! the day and want of manners! that the royal dames are carried
away by these armed ruffians by force. (O tempora O mores).
54. Behold them dragged in the streets from their stately edifices, and
strewing their paths with wreaths of flowers torn from their necks;
while their half burnt locks are hanging loosely upon their bare breasts
and bosoms.
55. Lo! their loose raiments uncovering their backs and loins, and the
jewels dropt down, from their wrists, have strewn the ground with gems.
56. Their necklaces are torn and their pearls are scattered about; their
bodies are bared of their bodices, and their breasts appear to view in
their golden hue.
57. Their shrill cries and groans rising above the war cry, choked their
breath and split their sides; and they fell insensible with their eyes
dimmed by ceaseless floods of tears.
58. They fell in a body with their arms twisted about the necks of one
another, and the ends of their cloths tied to each other's; and in this
way they were dragged by force of the ruffians, with their bodies
mangled in blood.
59. "Ah! who will save them from this state," cried the royal soldiers,
with their piteous looks on the sad plight of the females and shedding
big drops of their tears like lotuses.
60. The bright face of the sky turned black at the horrible sight, and
it looked with its blue lotus-like eyes of the clouds, on the fair
lotus-like damsels thus scattered on the ground.
61. Thus was the goddess of royal prosperity, decorated as she was with
her waving and pendant locks, her flowing garments, flowery chaplets and
gemming ornaments brought to her end like these ladies, after her
enjoyment of the pleasures of royalty and gratification of all her
desires.
 






Om Tat Sat
                                                        
(Continued...) 




( My humble salutations to Brahmasri Sreemaan Vihari Lala Mitra ji for the collection)



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